Growth tells you how fast the economy is expanding; inclusive growth asks who shares in it. This chapter covers the concepts UPSC uses to judge that question — inequality, poverty, and above all employment, because a job is the main channel through which growth reaches people.

What UPSC asks

Prelims: definitions (LFPR, WPR, unemployment rate), the usual-status, weekly-status and daily-status approaches, types of unemployment, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve, poverty committees, the Multidimensional Poverty Index, labour codes and employment schemes.
Mains GS III: “inclusive growth and issues arising from it”; jobless growth; informality; women’s labour force participation; the demographic dividend; and how schemes and labour reform address them.

Key sub-topics

Sub-topic	Core idea
Inclusive growth	Broad-based growth across sectors, regions and groups; theme of the 11th Plan
Inequality	Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Kuznets curve
Poverty	Tendulkar and Rangarajan lines; NITI Aayog’s national MPI
Unemployment	Open, disguised, seasonal, structural, frictional, cyclical
Measurement	Usual, current weekly and current daily status; PLFS
Labour and livelihoods	Informal sector, four labour codes, rural employment guarantee, skilling

Start with Inclusive Growth and Unemployment, then revise with the quick revision sheet.